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Akshansh Pandey | December 5, 2025 On the 7th of October 2025, India embarked on a new digital milestone when the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) introduced biometric authentication for UPI transactions. UPI is India’s real-time digital payment system that enables instant bank-to-bank money transfers via mobile devices. The…
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Sai Krishna | December 5, 2025 The Age of Treaty Withdrawals The global order is fracturing as States withdraw from hard-wraught international agreements exposing a deep crisis of confidence in international law. In one of the more strikingly visible illustrations of this, Donald Trump signed a series of executive orders…
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Honore Kanu | December 5, 2025 Le 23 juillet 2025, la Cour internationale de justice (CIJ) a enfin rendu son très attendu avis consultatif sur les obligations des États en matière de changements climatiques (ci-après avis) à la suite d’un processus laborieux. Qualifié d’historique, cet avis a été salué tant par les États…
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Dr. Atul Alexander | December 2, 2025 The International Court of Justice (ICJ) commenced its hearing on an advisory opinion pertaining to the right to strike under the Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (Convention 87). The advisory opinion presents an opportunity to address…
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Samay Jain & Dr. Ananya Sharma | December 5, 2025 The European General Court’s September 3, 2025 decision to uphold the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework (DPF) marks a significant turning point in cross-border data governance. Although the Court rejected the challenges to transatlantic data transfers, it emphasized that jurisdictional concerns…
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Himani Jha | December 2, 2025 On October 3, 2025, a Finnish court ruled that Finland’s authorities lacked jurisdiction over the Eagle S’s crew for damage caused to the undersea cables last December, finding that the damage occurred outside Finland’s territorial jurisdiction even though it was within its exclusive economic…
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Narek Abgaryan & Davit Khachatryan | November 12, 2025 Deal or No Deal? The Hidden Reef in the Armenia–Azerbaijan Peace Text Months after the Ministries of Foreign Affairs confirmed that the text of the Agreement on Establishment of Peace and Inter-State Relations Between the Republic of Armenia and the Republic…
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Nino Turmanidze | November 11, 2025 Members of a Ukrainian armored unit conduct maintenance near the front line amid renewed discussions in Brussels over “reparation loans” drawn from immobilized Russian state assets. By Ministry of Defense of Ukraine; CC BY-SA 2.0 On September 30 this year, during an informal European…
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Aaron Spitler | November 11, 2025 A Friend Indeed? Artificial intelligence (AI) companions—digital personas powered by large language models (LLMs) that can engage in human-like interactions—have taken the world by storm. Popular apps, such as Snapchat’s MyAI and Microsoft’s Xiaoice, see hundreds of millions of users. Their appeal to consumers…
